Synthetic Leather Market - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast 2024
Synthetic
leather is manmade fabric made from PVC or PU (polyurethane), which is
dried and heated to resemble real leather. Also known as faux leather,
it is less expensive and more easily adaptable than real leather made
from animal skin such as cattle, goats, pigs, crocodiles, and horses.
Millions of square meters of textile material are usually coated with
polyurethane every year, so as to lend it a leather-like character.
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The
first step in the formation of PU synthetic leather is the coagulation
process in which woven or non-woven fabric is coated with polyurethane
polymerized paste or dissolved in DMF, then passed through water baths
with reduced DMF concentrations, and finally through pure water. In this
process, the water converts the PU-based paste into a very thin layer
of micro porous sponge. The precipitation occurs slowly, with water
penetrating into the layer and displacing the DMF solvent. Toxic DMF
from the processed water is recovered via distillation. The product
obtained via coagulation gains volume and a pleasant handle. To obtain a
leather-like appearance, the coagulated layer is coated with two or
more additional layers of solvent-borne PU raw material. The
requirements for artificial leather are that the material should be
highly durable, exhibit good mechanical properties, elasticity, stitch
tear resistance, and be easily cut, sewn, and glued together. Advantages
of artificial leather include resistance to color fading, wash ability,
easy care, absence of odor, low price, and a crease-free and uniform
surface.
Artificial
leathers can be broadly classified into four types: poromeric imitation
leather, koskin, leatherette, and vegan leather. Poromeric imitation
leather, also known as poromerics, is a variety of artificial leather
made from plastic coating. It displays higher durability and gloss
finish (which can be easily cleaned with a damp cloth) than natural
leather. One of its major disadvantages is stiffness. Koskin is commonly
used in computer laptop cases, CD wallets, and other consumer goods and
resembles authentic leather in appearance. Leatherette is made by
covering a fabric base with plastic. This fabric can be composed of
artificial or natural leather which is then covered with a layer of soft
polyvinyl chloride. It is generally used for clothing and car seat
coverings as it requires less maintenance than artificial leather does
and does not fade or crack easily. However, it is non-porous and does
not allow air to pass through, thereby accumulating sweat. Vegan leather
is an alternative to traditional leather which can be used for ethical
reasons and may have the appearance of natural material.
Artificial
leather can be formulated via the direct coating process, transfer
coating process, wet process, or coagulation. The direct coating process
is used to manufacture artificial cloth. The transfer coating process
could be employed in industries such as shoes and bags. The wet process
or coagulation can be used for products requiring high stress tolerance
such as shoes and luggage bags. Artificial leather finds applications in
various industries such as bags, home furnishing & upholstery
fabrics, jackets & garments, shoe uppers, shoe linings, purses,
wallets, car seat covers, automotive decorations, accessories, and
commercial vehicle interiors.
Asia
Pacific is anticipated to be a prominent and rapidly expanding market
for synthetic leather because of the burgeoning automotive and
construction industries. North America and Europe are also witnessing
moderate growth due to the increasing concern about killing animals
which has reduced the need for pure leather. The rest of the world is
also projected to develop at a high rate due to the flourishing
automotive, footwear, and furnishing industries.
Key
players include Mayur Uniquoters Ltd, Filwel Co. Ltd., San Frang
Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Teijin Limited, and Kuraray Co. Ltd.
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