Gibberellins Market to be at Forefront by 2019
Gibberellin
is a plant hormone, which is commercially available and administered
in plants to accelerate their growth and induce flowering. Along with
auxins and cytokinins, gibberellins are the principal
growth-promoting hormones found in plants. Gibberellins are the most
aggressive growth promoting hormone in plants as they increase the
inter-node spacing and promote flowering. Gibberellins also influence
sex determination; pollen growth and tube growth in plants.
Commercially, gibberellins are mostly administered in the form of
gibberellic acid as it can be easily obtained in huge quantities from
the fermentation process of the fungi Gibberella Fujikuroi.
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Gibberellic
acids are also synthetically produced by pharmaceutical companies.
The global consumption of gibberellic acid is about 60 tons. There
are at least 136 types of identified naturally occurring
gibberellins. Different types of gibberellins exhibit different
functions and influence on different plants.
One
of the major applications of gibberellins is to promote the growth in
fruit crops, which leads to higher yield of fruits such as tomato,
apple and grapes. Gibberellins are also used in sugarcane crop to
increase the yield of sugar. The growth of sugarcane is inhibited
during the winters, and application of gibberellins helps overcome
the adverse effects of cool temperature on sugarcanes. It is
extensively used in the beer brewing mechanism to stimulate barley
malting process. A large portion of the seedless grapes produced in
the United States are treated with gibberellins, which help in
producing small fruits in compact clusters.
The
artificially sprayed gibberellins substitute for the seeds which
under natural circumstances would be the source for gibberellins in
the plant. However, with repeated treatment with the hormone the
rachis length as well as the fruit size increases substantially.
Grape production is one of the main applications of gibberellins. It
is also extensively used to produce cherries, as the hormone helps to
increase the size as well as yield in the plants. Gibberellin A4 is
applied on apple and pear trees. These fruits are often limited by
biennial bearing, that is heavy crop bearing in one year often
inhibits the flowering process in the subsequent year, and thereby
limits productivity.
This
phenomenon could be overcome through application of gibberellins A4
on the year exhibiting low yield, as the hormone promotes flowering
and subsequently the tree bears fruit. Gibberellic acid is also
applied on citric fruits based on their type. Fruits such as oranges
and tangerines are treated with gibberellic acid in order to prevent
rind-aging, and maintain the quality and appearance of the fruit. On
the other hand lemons are treated with the hormone to enhance the
size and induce ripening. The increasing demand for agricultural
production is the primary driver of the market.
Although
application of gibberellic acid in plants increases the product
yield, it is the inorganic method of plant growth. The only restraint
to the use of gibberellic acid is the growing popular consciousness
about organic food. Application of gibberellins renders the product
inorganic and thus limits the marketability of the fruits or
vegetables to health conscious population. North America is the
largest application region for gibberellic acid as most of the
research and development is undertaken in this region. Europe is the
second largest market for gibberellic acid in the world. The market
size is relatively less in Asia Pacific, but owing to the huge
population and shortage of quality food in some regions, this region
has high potential to grow.
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Some
of the companies involved in manufacturing gibberellic acid are
Jiangsu Fengyuan Bioengineering Co., Ltd. Zhejiang Qianjiang
Biochemical Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Pengteng Fine Chemical Co., Ltd
among many others.
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