Bio-based Ethylene Market to Expand with Significant CAGR During 2025
Bio-ethylene
(bio-based ethylene) is produced from bio-based material. Traditional
ethylene, on the other hand, is manufactured from fossil fuels
through thermochemical processes. Similar to traditional ethylene,
bio-ethylene can be used as a raw material for a variety of organic
chemicals and plastics. Bio-ethylene is generally produced from
bioethanol. Fermentation of pre-treated biomass results in the
production of bioethanol. Bioethanol is primarily used as a blend in
transportation fuel.
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The
bio-ethylene market can be segmented based on raw materials used for
production, application, end-user industry, and region. Production of
bio-ethylene can be attained from sugars, starch, and
ligno-cellulosic biomass. The sub-segments can be further divided
into sugary biomass which includes sugarcane, sugar beets, sweet
sorghum; starchy biomass which includes wheat, corn and barley; and
ligno-cellulosic biomass which is obtained from wood, straw, and
grasses. Bio-ethylene is employed in the production of several
organic chemicals and plastics such as high and low density
polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE), polyethylene chloride (PVC),
polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In terms of
end-user industry, the market can be classified into packaging,
detergents, lubricants, and additives. Based on region, the
bio-ethylene market can be divided into Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle
East & Africa, North America, and Latin America.
The
global bio-ethylene market has not attained maturity except in
Brazil. Stringent rules and regulations regarding the environment are
expected to propel the market of bio-ethylene. Bio-based ethylene
reduces the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) by lessening the usage
of fossil fuels. Till date, reduction of GHGs and petrochemical
energy through bio-based ethylene has been achieved up to 50% and
65%, respectively, as compared to the use of traditional ethylene.
Bio-based ethylene is expected to reduce the dependence on fossil
fuels; however, the cost of fossil fuels and bio-ethylene is a
crucial factor in deciding the extent of their usage. The cost of
producing bio-ethylene is high due to the availability and low-price
of biomass feedstock. This acts as a restraint to the bio-ethylene
market. The cost of bio-ethylene is almost 1.5 to 2 times higher than
that of petrochemical ethylene. However, bio-plastics are inexpensive
as compared to petrochemical plastics. Ligno-cellulosic biomass is
expensive than sugar and starch biomass and the cost of producing
from ligno-cellulosic material is also high. Production of sugarcane
is low-priced in Brazil. Large-scale production of sugarcane is done
in India, South America, and some parts of Asia.
Corn
is produced in large quantities in the U.S. Europe accounts for
one-third of the global production of sugar beets. Food versus fuel
is a limiting factor in the production of bio-ethylene from sugar and
starch feedstock. Ligno-cellulosic biomass can be grown on unfertile
land. Bioethanol, the precursor of bio-ethylene, is primarily used
for transportation fuel, though it can be in other applications too.
This restricts the large-scale production of bio-based ethylene.
Similarly, demand for biomass feedstock for application in heat,
electricity, and biofuels production is expected to increase in the
near future.
Brazil
is the largest market of bioethanol. The production of bioethanol in
Brazil is higher than that of petrochemical ethanol. Brazil and the
U.S. contribute to more than half of the global production of
bioethanol. India and Brazil have the advantage of availability of
inexpensive biomass. China is an emerging market for bio-ethylene in
terms of production. Asia Pacific is projected to constitute a major
market share in the near future due to the vast availability of
biomass. Demand for bio-ethylene is estimated to soar in Europe due
to the rise in awareness about health and environment and regulations
for bio-based production. North America is estimated to expand during
the forecast period led by the technological advancements and
research and development activities in the region. Major players in
the global bio based ethylene market include Atol, Cargill, The Dow
Chemical Company, and Alberta.
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